基于Faster-RCNN和Level-Set的桥小脑角区肿瘤自动精准分割

桥小脑角区（CPA）肿瘤的精准分割在手术治疗、放疗中有重要影响,本文结合更快速区域卷积神经网络（Faster-RCNN）和水平集（Level-Set）方法对CPA肿瘤的自动分割进行了研究.首先,采集317名CPA肿瘤患者的T₁WI-SE序列磁共振图像,使用基于Faster-RCNN主干网络VGG16提取特征,结合区域建议网络（RPN）进行学习训练,建立带有CPA肿瘤位置信息的定位模型,再应用Level-Set对肿瘤进行精准分割.本文对比了不同CPA肿瘤区域勾画范围对分割结果产生的影响,并以精确率、召回率、均值平均精度值（mAP）和戴斯系数（Dice系数）等指标评估了模型定位和分割的性能.实验结果表明,结合Faster-RCNN和Level-Set建立的模型能更有效对CPA肿瘤进行精准分割,减轻临床医生的负担,并提升治疗效果.     

Effect of metal cations [Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+] on the structure of 2‐(3′‐hydroxy‐2′‐pyridyl)benzoxazole: A theoretical investigation

Density functional theory calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level to systematically explore the geometrical multiplicity and binding strength for the complexes formed by alkaline and alkaline earth metal cations, viz. Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Be²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺ (Mⁿ⁺, hereinafter), with 2‐(3′‐hydroxy‐2′‐pyridyl)benzoxazole. A total of 60 initial structures were designed and optimized, of which 51 optimized structures were found, which could be divided into two different types: monodentate complexes and bidentate complexes. In the cation‐heteroatom complex, bidentate binding is generally stronger than monodentate binding, and of which the bidentate binding with five‐membered ring structure has the strongest interaction. Energy decomposition revealed that the total binding energies mainly come from electrostatic interaction for alkaline metal ion complexes and orbital interaction energy for alkaline earth metal ion complex. In addition, the electron localization function analysis show that only the Be? O and Be? N bond are covalent character, and others are ionic character. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Mobility edges and reentrant localization in one-dimensional dimerized non-Hermitian quasiperiodic lattice

The mobility edges and reentrant localization transitions are studied in one-dimensional dimerized lattice with nonHermitian either uniform or staggered quasiperiodic potentials.We find that the non-Hermitian uniform quasiperiodic disorder can induce an intermediate phase where the extended states coexist with the localized ones,which implies that the system has mobility edges.The localization transition is accompanied by the PT symmetry breaking transition.While if the non-Hermitian quasiperiodic disorder is staggered,we demonstrate the existence of multiple intermediate phases and multiple reentrant localization transitions based on the finite size scaling analysis.Interestingly,some already localized states will become extended states and can also be localized again for certain non-Hermitian parameters.The reentrant localization transitions are associated with the intermediate phases hosting mobility edges.Besides,we also find that the non-Hermiticity can break the reentrant localization transition where only one intermediate phase survives.More detailed information about the mobility edges and reentrant localization transitions are presented by analyzing the eigenenergy spectrum,inverse participation ratio,and normalized participation ratio.     

Magnetic-resonance image segmentation based on improved variable weight multi-resolution Markov random field in undecimated complex wavelet domain

To solve the problem that the magnetic resonance (MR) image has weak boundaries, large amount of information, and low signal-to-noise ratio, we propose an image segmentation method based on the multi-resolution Markov random field (MRMRF) model. The algorithm uses undecimated dual-tree complex wavelet transformation to transform the image into multiple scales. The transformed low-frequency scale histogram is used to improve the initial clustering center of the K-means algorithm, and then other cluster centers are selected according to the maximum distance rule to obtain the coarse-scale segmentation. The results are then segmented by the improved MRMRF model. In order to solve the problem of fuzzy edge segmentation caused by the gray level inhomogeneity of MR image segmentation under the MRMRF model, it is proposed to introduce variable weight parameters in the segmentation process of each scale. Furthermore, the final segmentation results are optimized. We name this algorithm the variable-weight multi-resolution Markov random field (VWMRMRF). The simulation and clinical MR image segmentation verification show that the VWMRMRF algorithm has high segmentation accuracy and robustness, and can accurately and stably achieve low signal-to-noise ratio, weak boundary MR image segmentation.     

基于激光点云多条件约束的相机检校方法

为了克服相机检校对二维/三维检校场的依赖,提出一种基于激光点云多条件约束的相机检校方法。该方法通过对相机获取的多视影像进行光束法平差获得初始相机参数;利用影像点云与其最邻近的激光点云之间的位置关系,以共线方程为基础模型,建立多条件约束的相机检校数学模型;使用不等式约束的最小二乘方法平差迭代解算相机参数。将本文方法与基于三维控制场的检校精度进行了实验对比分析,结果表明本文方法与基于三维控制场的检校精度相当,两者反投影平均误差相差小于0.1 pixel,验证了本文方法在没有传统检校场的情况下进行相机检校的可行性。     

Quantum communication through chains with diluted disorder

We investigate a single-qubit state transfer protocol along a channel featuring diagonal diluted disorder. In the regime where the source and destination sites are weakly coupled to the channel, we report the possibility of transmitting quantum states with high fidelity as well as establishing end-to-end entanglement in that sort of configuration. We further discuss how the performance of the protocol depends upon the availability of extended states within the disordered channel.